Bangladesh has geared up its environment conservation steps to save the world’s poorest countries from the adverse effects of global warming. Now it is turning towards green economy policies to save the degrading ecosystem.

What is green economy?

It can be explained as the economic development based on sustainable development which generates growth and improvement in human’s lives while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. Green economy in Bangladesh promotes three bottom lines – sustaining economic, environment and social well-being.

Gramin Shakti

Gramin Shakti is a nonprofit organization pioneering solar systems for homes in Bangladesh. It is linked with micro credit lender Gramin Bank. Gramin Shakti provided small loan scheme to the villagers to buy solar home system. The Solar Home Systems (SHS) cost around $135 and villagers can pay back amount in installments. Gramin Shakti aims to reach the targets of million SHS by 2015. Thus Gramin Shakti is in the forefront of pushing green economy in Bangladesh.

Solar Home System boosting Green Economy

Green Economy in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh about 70% of the population does not have access to electricity. Bringing electricity to the rural poor is one of the most important contributions that a green economy can make to developing economies thus making way for Ecotourism in Bangladesh.

Recently World Bank has approved US $172 million credit to Bangladesh to support the ongoing installation of additional 630,000 Solar Home Systems in the rural area where grid electricity is not economically feasible or hard to reach.

Earlier in 2009 December, World bank has provided financing of $130 million through which more than 300,000 solar home based systems have been installed. The solar component is manufactured by Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project (RERED) and it is implemented by the Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL), a government- owned financial institution

“It’s the fastest expansion of solar energy anywhere in the world,” said Haq, who heads the state-run IDCOL, which provides financing for clean energy projects.

“We crossed the one million thresholds in more than 18 months ahead of schedule and we have set a new target to cross 2.5 million by 2014,” he said.

Some 60 percent of Bangladesh’s 150 million people have no access to mains electricity, with many relying on costly kerosene lamps for lighting, something which is sure to change with the application of green economy in Bangladesh.

Solar Home Systems has changed the face of remote and rural areas of Bangladesh by providing cheap, reliable electricity. It has helped in replacing kerosene – fired lanterns and reduced deforestation to a large extend. Another offshoot of the green economy is the local jobs and income opportunities which have been created. Going forward green economy ideas are going to be the way forward for Bangladesh ecology and economy.

Trainers and managers in the field of nature tourism in several Asian countries, has recently completed a 10-day workshop at the International School of Sustainable Tourism (ISST) in this free port of Subic Be one of the main promoters of the so-called “tourism of tomorrow”. training course for trainers and managers of eco-tourism held in Asian Productivity Organization Tokyo based (APO), in collaboration with ISST, development of the Academy of Finland (DAP), the Department of Tourism (DOT), and Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA).

Fifteen participants working alternately as educators, promoters, managers and heads of tourist boards in their respective countries graduated from the training. They came from Bangladesh, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Philippines.

The training ran from June 14 – 24 at the three campuses of ISST, all inside the Subic Bay Freeport. Former Philippine tourism secretary and now ISST head Mina Gabor said that the course, which focused on marketing and promotion of sustainable tourism, consisted of lectures, case studies, workshops, visits to tourism promotion organizations and local communities, and on-site practical exercises. “Well-managed eco-tourism can create more local employment, support local economies and host nature tourists without the negative effects of mass tourism on cultural heritages and the environment,” Gabor explained.

However, she said that, “It should be undertaken through shared endeavors and shared responsibility, shared information, shared values, shared burdens and shared benefits, so that we will be able to achieve a higher quality of life.” SBMA deputy administrator for corporate communications Knette Fernando said that the SBMA is aiming to develop responsible eco-management in this free port “because (the environment) is the centerpiece of what Subic Bay is all about.”

“Our well-preserved natural environment is the result of responsible eco-management and very strict zoning guidelines,” Fernando pointed out. “We have a biodiversity monitoring and conservation program, and a coastal management plan, among others. This is to let you know how deep we are into sustainable tourism,” she added. For his part, DAP president Antonio Kalaw told the graduates that sustainable tourism could help push local economic development, as it provides an alternative approach in diversifying the economic base of local communities, given the right infrastructures and a supportive environment.

“Hopefully we can learn from each other and establish bonds and collaboration,” he added. Gabor also reminded the participants that the 10-day course could serve as the foundation for their respective tourism marketing and promotion program.

“The best destinations in the country that we are all related to ecotourism. It ‘been said that tourism is eco-tourism of tomorrow, and that Asia is the destination for the next decade. This is what we are preparing now,” he added. International School of Sustainable Tourism has been set in this free port last year to help improve tourism in Subic and the rest of Asia. The school offers courses such as design Lodge ecology and eco-design, touching the high quality of teachers and resources, advocates of tourist facilities and related industries in the region.

The Ministry of Tourism Oman has awarded Green Award 2011 in recognition of its role and its contribution to environmental awareness and sustainable tourism development in the Sultanate. Sheikh Abdullah bin Abdulmalik Al Khalili, Minister of Tourism, said winning this award recognizes the department’s efforts to develop policies, mechanisms and standards for sustainable tourism development in the Sultanate in collaboration with leading international organizations to develop the tourism industry as one of the key development sectors in the Sultanate of a method that preserves the tradition of Oman, heritage, culture, environmental protection and the achievement of the objectives and ambitions of local communities.

Al Khalili has welcomed a private sector initiative in the incubation of this cluster of grants to promote environmental action and to consolidate the concept of conservation and cultural heritage and promote sustainable development in the Sultanate. He said the department has worked hard to achieve the sustainable development of tourism with its economic, social and environment in collaboration with relevant government departments through the implementation of the plan of the eighth five years.

The award was announced during the ceremony for the environment, as part of activities marking World Environment Day. It is worth mentioning that the jury chose the Ministry of Tourism for this award from over 120 governments and private sector institutions, such as its role in the growth of tourism and awareness of environmental friendly methods of advertising campaigns, tourism and develop policies for the development of sustainable tourism and prepare guides and standards, in addition to carry out Environmental, social studies and design to improve the adoption of this decision

This definition includes two key concepts: The concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world’s poor should be given priority, and the idea of limitations imposed by technology and society’s ability to meet environmental present and future.

United Nations Permanent Forum has adopted this view and actually identified four “interrelated and mutually reinforcing pillars of sustainable development: economic, social, environmental and” cultural “is newly added in the fourth as an important pillar because” Cultural diversity is as necessary for humankind as biodiversity is for nature. ”

Global mining’s efforts for sustainable development

In 1999, the International Council on Metals and the Environment published a set of case studies on mining and indigenous peoples and issued a clear message that mining companies “should take a more comprehensive approach to sustainable development and to integrate principles of sustainable development into their relations with indigenous peoples in such a way to contribute to meaningful outcomes for indigenous communities.”

This development led to the formation of the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) in 2001 to act as a catalyst for performance improvement in the mining and metals industry by launching various imperatives, one of which – is to enhance mining’s contribution to development and poverty reduction through multi-stakeholder partnerships worldwide.

At present, ICMM has global membership consisting of 19 large mining and metals corporations as well as 30 mining associations and global commodity associations worldwide. To address the core sustainable development challenges by the industry, all member-companies and associates (which include those that have mining operations in the Philippines) have committed to implement the ICMM Sustainable Development Framework consisting of 10 Principles, four of which are directly related to mining and metals, namely: (1) implement and maintain ethical business practices and sound corporate governance; (2) integrate sustainable development considerations within the corporate decision-making process; (3) uphold fundamental human rights and respect cultures, customs and values of those affected by mining activities; and (4) contribute to the social, economic and institutionalized development of the communities in which we operate.

Local CSR & sustainable development initiatives

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Philippines has gradually evolved since its modest start not too long ago. Initially, CSR had focused mainly on basic philanthropy, business ethics, and corporate governance.

But in recent years, it has expanded in a dramatic way to include broader set of socio-economic development programs for the benefits of all stakeholders concerned. Not only that, many corporations are now also integrating their social commitments into their core business strategy to ensure company-wide implementation starting from the top down to the lowest levels of organization.

In the case of mining, the local industry has just institutionalized its own specific CSR and further incorporated into it a number of sustainable and community-based development initiatives and other laudable programs that go beyond mandatory compliance. After conducting many months of extensive research, nationwide workshops and consultations with various stakeholders, the industry’s first integrated CSR Handbook was finally completed thanks to the concerted efforts of the Chamber of Mines of the Philippines (COMP). Art Disini, COMP Chairman, informed me at one time that the final CSR guidelines will be distributed to all member-companies for implementation within the first quarter.

As a path toward greater responsibility, CSR news industry is generally defined as “the commitment of businesses to contribute to sustainable development, in collaboration with employees, their families, local communities and society in particular to improve the quality of life, so a good business and good for development. ”

From the perspective of responsible mining, even the local industry also identified areas of CSR following industry-specific: (1) the fair and equitable sharing of benefits between business, government and mining communities, ( 2) adequate protection of the environment before, during and even long after mining has ceased, (3) the recognition of rights and participation in communities and indigenous peoples in the mining sector, and (4) effective communication and sensitivity to local socio-cultural practices.

Energy starved Bangladesh has signed a landmark 35-year power transmission deal with India paving ways for import of 250 megawatt electricity from the neighbouring country starting from 2012 end, Press Trust of India (PTI) reported.

The state-run Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) inked the bulk power transmission treaty with Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd (PGCIL) at a ceremony witnessed by Bangladesh’s Finance Minister Abul Maal Abdul Muhith, Prime Minister’s energy adviser Tawfique-e-Elahi Chowdhury and concerned officials of both the countries.

The agreement keeps the provision for Bangladesh to export power to India in the future while PGCIL was tasked to construct, own, operate and maintain a 400-KV double-circuit line to exchange 500-MW power between the two neighbouring countries soon after the system is launched.

“It’s (agreement) a small step but a greater thought in regional cooperation through which the South Asian countries will immensely benefit,” Muhith said.

According to the agreement, the transmission tariff will be fixed later by the Energy Regulatory Commission of West Bengal while BPDB will pay the transmission tariff on a monthly basis.

Under the agreement PGCIL will invest and construct 80 kilometre transmission line and own, operate and maintain it.

The Indian company will recover the construction cost under a fixed rate over 35 years.

“If in future we can export power, the beneficiary or the Indian consumers will share the cost. This is why this agreement is a power exchange deal,” BPDB chairman Alamgir Kabir said.

The Indian part of the infrastructure will also include a 400 KV switching station at Baharampur, loop-in and loop-out of Farakka-Jeerat 400 KV single circuit line at the same place, and a 400 KV double circuit line from Baharampur of India running up to Bheramara in Bangladesh.

On the other hand in other side of the border, the state-run Power Grid Company of Bangladesh floated a tender in April to set up a 40 km transmission line in Bheramara with a high voltage sub-station at a cost of US$150 million to be funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

Bangladesh currently faces electricity deficit of over 1500 to 1800 mw on an average against the de-rated capacity of 4500 mw in 132 state run and private units.

The government recently formulated a vision plan as part of its desperate efforts to augment electricity amid growing demands while the poor power supply is estimated to cost around two percent in GDP growth each year according a study of the World Bank.

Only around 40 per cent of Bangladesh is currently have access to electricity while the country now witnesses a deficit of 1,000 to 1,500 mw power with 41 public and private sector plants with de-rated capacity of 5,198 mw.

Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in parliament yesterday said the government has a plan to set up more international and domestic airports in the next fiscal year.

Replying to a question she said the government has adopted a plan to set up Bangabandhu International Airport as per the election manifesto. The proposed international airport will act as a bridge between the countries of East and West.

Hasina informed the House that the committee formed for the purpose has already submitted its pre-feasibility study report.

Besides, work for formulating document to set up the airport on the basis of Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) programme is under process.

The Prime Minister said Cox’s Bazar Airport would be upgraded to an international standard at a cost of Tk 302.65 crore by 2012. Development of Cox’s Bazar Airport Phase-1 is expected to be implemented by June 2012.

She further informed that the government has taken measures to set up a domestic airport at Rampal of Bagerhat to aid Mongla Port and the tourist spots of the area. A project titled “Construction of Khanjahan Ali Airport (Rampal, Bagerhat)” will be implemented at a cost of Tk 470.30 crore. The airport will provide quick transport facility between the south and western districts.

On healthcare the Prime Minister said the government is committed to provide healthcare facilities to the people for which 3551 physicians were appointed on ad-hoc basis.

Responding to a question during the PM’s question hour she said 1,445 nurses were also appointed recently.

She said that 6,347 medical assistants were appointed at the field level. Process is on for recruitment of another 1,581 medical assistants.

Hasina said that to provide better healthcare to the people across the country, the government already gave clearance for appointment of doctors at different levels.

The government is also distributing modern equipment to hospitals for improved treatment of patients. Strict measures have been taken to ensure attendance of doctors, officers and employees in all public hospitals, she added.

On jute sector the PM criticised the BNP-Jamaat government for “destroying” the jute industry and expressed her government’s firm determination to regain the lost share of jute goods in the world market.

Replying to a supplementary question, she said the “BNP-Jamaat government intentionally destroyed” the country’s jute sector by closing down government-owned jute mills one after another.

“As a result, we lost the share of jute in the world market and the present government is determined to regain that share.”

Responding to another supplementary question, the Prime Minister said the previous BNP-led government had taken ‘policy of shrinking’ for the jute sector. “This was the end… they just destroyed the jute sector.”

She, however, said that the golden days of jute are coming back and the government would do whatever is possible to develop this sector.

“We have decided to build the pipeline at a cost of $150 million as Chevron says production at the Moulavi Bazar, Jalalabad and Bibiyana gas fields will be more than doubled to 1,840 million cubic feet (mmcft) a day,” said Mohammad Hussain Monsur, chairman of the state-run Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Corporation, or Petrobangla.

The increased production will be available by end of 2012, he told Reuters, adding that it comes at a time when the south Asian country is facing yawning gap between supply and demand for gas.

Monsur said to hasten the project, Bangladesh will avoid seeking funds for the pipeline from World Bank or any other multilateral financing agency but would pay for it from the state coffers.

He said Chevron had informed Petrobangla that it had identified additional gas production capacity and needed infrastructure to connect the fields with the national supply network.

Bangladesh at present faces up to 400 mmcft gas shortages a day, with the authorities supplying at best nearly 2,000 mmcft per day.

Chevron currently produces almost half the country’s gas supplies under two production sharing contracts.

The government would stop all sorts of environmental degradation following hill cutting, forest plundering or poor management of industrial waste, said Primary and Mass Education Minister Afsarul Amin.

He said this while speaking at the inaugural programme of sapling distribution of British American Tobacco Bangladesh (BATB) at Mercantile Marine House Field yesterday.

He stressed the need for creating mass awareness to preserve forest and inspire people to plant more trees to deal with the negative impacts of climate change.

He urged the private organisations to play role in afforestation in a planned way to save people from environmental disaster and protect bio-diversity.

Head of corporate and regulatory affairs of BATB Zakir Ibne Hai said BATB would distribute around 40 lakh saplings free of cost this year.

Divisional commissioner Md Serajul Huq Khan, DIG of police, Chittagong Range Asaduzzaman Mia and divisional forest officer Md Badrul Anam Bhuiyan spoke at the function.

The Executive Committee of the National Economic Council (Ecnec) will hold its first meeting today for fiscal 2010-11 to consider eight development projects, including one to develop and reclaim Gulshan, Banani and Baridhara Lake in the city.

Ecnec Chairperson and Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina will preside over the meeting.

The Gulshan, Banani and Baridhara project under the Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (Rajuk) seeks to protect the lake from illegal occupation and to reclaim and preserve the water retention capacity of the lake as well as its beautification.

The other projects likely to be considered in the meeting are special development of University of Dhaka (4th phase) under the education ministry, Special Rural Water Supply Project under the Local Government Division, setting up single line miter gauge railway tracks on Dohazari-Ramu-Cox’s Bazar and Ramu-Gundum near Myanmar border under the Roads and Railways Division, construction of Dirai-Shalla highway near Madanpur-Dirai-Shalla road under the Roads and Railways Division, 2D seismic survey under fast track programme under the Energy and Mineral Resources Division, rural infrastructure development project in greater Faridpur (2nd phase) under the Local Government Division, and coordinated forest development (2nd phase) under the Agriculture Ministry.

The meeting is also likely review the ADP implementation progress of the Roads and Railways Division.

Unabated hill cutting in the port city is increasingly posing a formidable threat to the ecological balance as well as bio-diversity despite the government’s strong directives against such an unholy practice.(BSS)

Chittagong Deputy Commissioner Faiz Ahmed told the news agency Thursday that the administration with the active cooperation of the public representatives and the police would soon take stern action against the unscrupulous hill cutters.

Mr Faiz was addressing a meeting at the city’s Circuit House.

He said, “The administration has also decided to discuss the matter in the meeting to be attended by upazila chairmen, vice chairmen, upazila nirbahi officers (UNOs), district and metropolitan police, and representatives of Chittagong Development Authority (CDA) and Chittagong City Corporation (CCC),” he said.

Faiz Ahmed said it was the sacred responsibility of all to save hills and environment from the hill cutters to protect the picturesque beauty of the port city and also the next generations from the adverse impacts of climate change.

The entire hill range from Mirsharai via Chittagong to Teknaf in Cox’s Bazar district with its large numbers of greenery was the symbol of boundless natural beauty and geographical uniqueness, protecting the people and their property from natural disasters like earthquake and tidal surge for decades as hills are considered as ‘Isocratic balance’ of the earth.

Experts said indiscriminate cutting and destruction of hills were not only posing a great threat to entire ecology and bio-diversity but also causing various man-made disasters on the economy and the urban life in the region.

According to official and unofficial sources, at least 200 hills, both small and big, were either destroyed or razed down by the influential land developer syndicates as well as individuals over the last one decade in the city and on its outskirts.

They said famous hills and mountains in Chandgaon, Pahartali, Khulshi, Kotwali, Doublemooring, Bayezeed Bostami and Hathazari and Sitakunda upazilas were either leveled or razed down heavily by the land terrors.

Local people said organised syndicates in connivance with influential persons were running this illegal business by cutting hills.

More that 200 people were killed under landslides while 137 people died on March 11 in 2007 due to hill cutting over the years, sources said.

Officials of the Chittagong Development Authority (CDA) said the 1985 act should be amended to discourage hill cutting in the region.

Different socio-cultural organisations including members of the civil society and environment activists vehemently protested the illegal hill cutting through holding rallies, processions, seminars and human chains for a long time.

“But all cries to protect the hills seems to have gone unheard,” said Dr Jahangir Alam, an environmentalist and professor of CU of Engineering and Technology (CUET).

He stressed on further strengthening the 12-member monitoring committee against hill cutting formed in 2008.